Shumona goel biography of albert einstein

This work earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in Despite his contributions, Einstein had reservations about quantum mechanics. While many physicists accepted the strange, probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, Einstein spent much of his later career trying to develop a theory that would explain the universe in more deterministic terms.

For instance, his theories laid the groundwork for the development of GPS technology. The general theory of relativity explains that time runs differently in strong gravitational fields, like those near Earth. GPS satellites must account for these differences in time, otherwise, the system would be inaccurate by several kilometers each day.

This principle is at the heart of nuclear fission, the process used in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs. Although Einstein himself was a pacifist and opposed the use of nuclear weapons, his work was instrumental in the development of atomic energy. He accepted a position at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, where he spent the rest of his career.

During World War II, Einstein became involved in political and ethical discussions surrounding science. Although he was a pacifist, he signed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt inwarning that Germany might be developing an atomic bomb. He began teaching himself algebra, calculus and Euclidean geometry when he was twelve; he made such rapid progress that he discovered an original proof of the Pythagorean theorem before his thirteenth birthday.

He thereupon devoted himself to higher mathematics Soon the flight of his mathematical genius was so high I could not follow. Kant became his favorite philosopher; according to Talmud, At the time he was still a child, only thirteen years old, yet Kant's works, incomprehensible to ordinary mortals, seemed to be clear to him. He failed to reach the required standard in the general part of the test, [31] but performed with distinction in physics and mathematics.

His sister, Majalater married Winteler's son Paul. Marie Winteler, a year older than him, took up a teaching post in OlsbergSwitzerland. Over the next few years, the pair spent many hours discussing their shared interests and learning about topics in physics that the polytechnic school's lectures did not cover. Eventually the two students became not only friends but also lovers.

Not long after moving and beginning his career at IAS, Einstein expressed an appreciation for American meritocracy and the opportunities people had for free thought, a stark contrast to his own experiences coming of age. InEinstein was granted permanent residency in his adopted country and became an American citizen five years later. In America, Einstein mostly devoted himself to working on a unified field theory, an all-embracing paradigm meant to unify the varied laws of physics.

Shumona goel biography of albert einstein

However, during World War II, he worked on Navy-based weapons systems and made big monetary donations to the military by auctioning off manuscripts worth millions. Einstein and the Atomic Bomb Getty Images Albert Einstein gives a speech denouncing the use of hydrogen bombs in Roosevelt to alert him of the possibility of a Nazi bomb and to galvanize the United States to create its own nuclear weapons.

Einstein was also the recipient of much scrutiny and major distrust from FBI director J. Edgar Hoover. In Julythe U. Army Intelligence office denied Einstein a security clearance to participate in the project, meaning J. Robert Oppenheimer and the scientists working in Los Alamos were forbidden from consulting with him. The world is not ready for it.

The following year, he and Szilard founded the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, and invia an essay for The Atlantic Monthly, Einstein espoused working with the United Nations to maintain nuclear weapons as a deterrent to conflict. Time Travel and Quantum Theory After World War II, Einstein continued to work on his unified field theory and key aspects of his general theory of relativity, including time travel, wormholes, black holes, and the origins of the universe.

However, he felt isolated in his endeavors since the majority of his colleagues had begun focusing their attention on quantum theory. In the last decade of his life, Einstein, who had always seen himself as a loner, withdrew even further from any sort of spotlight, preferring to stay close to Princeton and immerse himself in processing ideas with colleagues.

He corresponded with scholar and activist W. Einstein was very particular about his sleep schedule, claiming he needed 10 hours of sleep per day to function well. His theory of relativity allegedly came to him in a dream about cows being electrocuted. He was also known to take regular naps. He is said to have held objects like a spoon or pencil in his hand while falling asleep.

That way, he could wake up before hitting the second stage of sleep—a hypnagogic process believed to boost creativity and capture sleep-inspired ideas. Although sleep was important to Einstein, socks were not. He was famous for refusing to wear them. According to a letter he wrote to future wife Elsa, he stopped wearing them because he was annoyed by his big toe pushing through the material and creating a hole.

Getty Images Albert Einstein sticks his tongue out in a famous photo from his birthday party. One of the most recognizable photos of the 20th century shows Einstein sticking out his tongue while leaving his 72nd birthday party on March 14, According to Discovery. Tired from doing so all night, he refused and rebelliously stuck his tongue out at the crowd for a shumona goel biography of albert einstein before turning away.

UPI photographer Arthur Sasse captured the shot. Einstein was amused by the picture and ordered several prints to give to his friends. These two assumptions make up Einstein's special theory of relativity. This means that the energy in any particle is equal to the particle's mass multiplied by the speed of light squared. Academic career These papers made Einstein famous, and universities soon began competing for his services.

Inafter serving as a lecturer at the University of Bern, Einstein was called as an associate professor to the University of Zurich. Two years later he was appointed a full professor at the German University in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Within another year-and-a-half Einstein became a full professor at the FIT. Finally, in the well-known scientists Max Planck — and Walther Nernst — traveled to Zurich to persuade Einstein to accept a lucrative profitable research professorship at the University of Berlin in Germany, as well as full membership in the Prussian Academy of Science.

He accepted their offer insaying, "The Germans are gambling on me as they would on a prize hen. I do not really know myself whether I shall ever really lay another egg. In Einstein was appointed to a lifelong honorary visiting professorship at the University of Leiden in Holland. In and Einstein, accompanied by Chaim Weizmann —the future president of the state of Israel, traveled all over the world to win support for the cause of Zionism the establishing of an independent Jewish state.

In Germany, where hatred of Jewish people was growing, the attacks on Einstein began. Philipp Lenard and Johannes Stark, both Nobel Prize—winning physicists, began referring to Einstein's theory of relativity as "Jewish physics. Career in America On several occasions Einstein had visited the California Institute of Technology, and on his last trip to the United States he was offered a position in the newly established Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, Massachusetts.

He went there in Einstein played a key role in the construction of the atomic bomb by signing a famous letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt —