Sadam hussein biography

During the meeting, a list of 68 names was read out loud, and each person on the list was promptly arrested and removed from the room. Of those 68, all were tried and found guilty of treason and 22 were sentenced to death. By early Augusthundreds of Saddam's political foes had been executed. The same year that Saddam ascended to the presidency, Ayatollah Khomeini led a successful Islamic revolution in Iraq's neighbor to the northeast, Iran.

Saddam, whose political power rested in part upon the support of Iraq's minority Sunni population, worried that developments in Shi-ite majority Iran could lead to a similar uprising in Iraq. In response, on September 22,Saddam ordered Iraqi forces to invade the oil-rich region of Khuzestan in Iran. The conflict soon blossomed into an all-out war, but Western nations and much of the Arab world, fearful of the spread of Islamic radicalism and what it would mean to the region and the world, laid their support firmly behind Saddam, despite the fact that his invasion of Iran clearly violated international law.

During the conflict, these same fears would cause the international community to essentially ignore Iraq's use of chemical weapons, its genocidal dealing with its Kurdish population and its burgeoning nuclear program. On August 20,after years of intense conflict that left hundreds of thousands dead on both sides, a ceasefire agreement was finally reached.

In the sadam hussein biography of the conflict, seeking a means of revitalizing Iraq's war-ravaged economy and infrastructure, at the end of the s, Saddam turned his attention toward Iraq's wealthy neighbor, Kuwait. Using the justification that it was a historical part of Iraq, on August 2,Saddam ordered the invasion of Kuwait. A UN Security Council resolution was promptly passed, imposing economic sanctions on Iraq and setting a deadline by which Iraqi forces must leave Kuwait.

When the January 15, deadline was ignored, a UN coalition force headed by the United States confronted Iraqi forces, and a mere six weeks later, had driven them from Kuwait. A ceasefire agreement was signed, the terms of which included Iraq dismantling its germ and chemical weapons programs. The previously imposed economic sanctions levied against Iraq remained in place.

Despite this and the fact that his military had suffered a crushing defeat, Saddam claimed victory in the conflict. The Gulf War's resulting economic hardships further divided an already fractured Iraqi population. During the s, various Shi-ite and Kurdish uprisings occurred, but the rest of the world, fearing another war, Kurdish independence in the case of Turkey or the spread of Islamic fundamentalism did little or nothing to support these rebellions, and they were ultimately crushed by Saddam's increasingly repressive security forces.

Partly on the basis of this conversation, Hussein apparently came to believe that the U. Saddam Hussein: I have summoned you today to hold comprehensive political discussions with you. This is a message to President Bush We began to face the policy of the drop in the price of oil. Then we saw the United States, which always talks of democracy but which has no time for the other point of view.

Then the media campaign against Saddam Hussein was started by the official American media We were disturbed by this campaign but we were not disturbed too much because we had hoped that, in a few months, those who are decision makers in America would have a chance to find the facts and see whether this media campaign has had any effect on the lives of Iraqis.

We had hoped that soon the American authorities would make the correct decision regarding their relations with Iraq. Those with good relations can sometimes afford to disagree. Economic war: Actions intended to harm a nation's economy, or its ability to produce goods and services and care for its citizens. But when planned and deliberate policy forces the price of oil down without good commercial reasons, then that means another war against Iraq.

Because military war kills people by bleeding them, and economic war kills their humanity by depriving them of their chance to have a good standard of living. As you know, we gave rivers of blood in a war that lasted eight years, but we did not lose our humanity. Iraqis have a right to live proudly. We do not accept that sadam hussein biography could injure Iraqi pride or the Iraqi right to have high standards of living.

Kuwait and the U. And you know that our relations with the Emirates and Kuwait had been good. On top of all that, while we were busy at war, the state of Kuwait began to expand at the expense of our territory. You may say this is propaganda, but I would direct you to one document, the Military Patrol Line, which is the borderline endorsed by the Arab League in for military patrols not to cross the Iraq-Kuwait border.

But go and look for yourselves. You will see the Kuwaiti border patrols, the Kuwaiti farms, the Kuwaiti oil installations —all built as closely as possible to this line to establish that land as Kuwaiti territory We believe that the United States must understand that people who live in luxury and economic security [like Kuwait and the U.

But the starved and the economically deprived [like Iraq] cannot reach the same understanding. We do not accept threats from anyone because we do not threaten anyone. But we say clearly that we hope that the U. I have read the American statements speaking of friends in the area. Of course, it is the right of everyone to choose their friends.

We can have no objections. But you know you are not the ones who protected your friends during the war with Iran. I assure you, had the Iranians overrun the region, the American troops would not have stopped them So what can it mean when America says it will now protect its friends? It can only mean prejudice against Iraq. This stance plus maneuvers and statements which have been made has encouraged the U.

We are hurt and upset that such disagreement is taking place between us and Kuwait and the U. The solution must be found within an Arab framework and through direct bilateral relations. We do not place America among the enemies. We place it where we want our friends to be and we try to be friends. But repeated statements last year make it apparent that America did not regard us as friends Prejudice: Hostile attitudes or negative opinions formed without sufficient knowledge or experience.

April Glaspie: Mr. President, you mentioned many things during this meeting which I cannot comment on on behalf of my government. But with your permission, I will comment on two points. You spoke of friendship and I believe it was clear from the letters sent by our President to you on the occasion of your National Day that he emphasizes Glaspie: As you know, he directed the United States Administration to reject the suggestion of implementing trade sanctions.

Saddam: There is nothing left for us to buy from America. Only wheat. Because every time we want to buy something, they say it is forbidden. I am afraid that one day you will say, "You are going to make gunpowder out of wheat. Glaspie: I have a direct instruction from the President to seek better relations with Iraq Saddam: Your stance is generous.

We are Arabs. It is enough for us that someone says, "I am sorry, I made a mistake. But the media campaign continued. And it is full of stories. If the stories were true, no one would get upset. But we understand from its continuation that there is a determination. And what happened in that program was cheap and unjust. And this is a real picture of what happens in the American media—even to American politicians themselves.

These are the methods the Western media employs. I am pleased that you add your voice to the diplomats who stand up to the media. Because your appearance in the media, even for five minutes, would help us to make the American people understand Iraq. This would increase mutual understanding. If the American President had control of the media, his job would be much better.

President, not only do I want to say that President Bush wanted better and deeper relations with Iraq, but he also wants an Iraqi contribution to peace and prosperity in the Middle East. President Bush is an intelligent man. He is not going to declare an economic war against Iraq I admire your extraordinary efforts to re-build your country.

I know you need funds. We understand that and our opinion is that you should have the opportunity to rebuild your country. But we have no opinion on the Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreement with Kuwait National Day: July 17, an Iraqi holiday recognizing the date in that Saddam Hussein became president. Sanctions: Trade restrictions designed to punish a country for breaking international law by harming its economy; in this case, the sanctions were proposed to punish Iraq for human-rights abuses.

Diane Sawyer: An American broadcast journalist who interviewed Saddam Hussein and presented a special report on human-rights abuses in Iraq under his government. Frankly, we can only see that you have deployed massive troops in the south. Normally that would not be any of our business. But when this happens in the context of what you said on your National Day, then when we read the details in the two letters of the Foreign Minister, then when we see the Iraqi point of view that the measure taken by the U.

And for this reason, I received an instruction to ask you, in the spirit of friendship—not in the spirit of confrontation —regarding your intentions. I simply describe the concern of my government. And I do not mean that the situation is a simple situation. But our concern is a simple one. Saddam: We do not ask people not to be concerned when peace is at issue.

This is a noble human feeling which we all sadam hussein biography. It is natural for you as a superpower to be concerned. But what we ask is not to express your concern in a way that would make an aggressor believe that he is getting support for his aggression. We want to find a solution which will give us our rights but not deprive others of their rights.

But at the same time, we want the others to know that our patience is running out regarding their action I told the Arab Kings and Presidents that some brothers are fighting an economic war against us. And that not all wars use weapons and we regard this kind of war as a military action against us Before this, I had sent them envoys reminding them that our war had included their defense.

Therefore the aid they gave us should not be regarded as a debt. We did not more than the United States would have done against someone who attacked its interests Glaspie: Mr. President, it would be helpful if you could give us an assessment of the effort [at finding a peaceful resolution of the situation] made by your Arab brothers and whether they have achieved anything.

We hope we will reach some result. We hope that the long-term view and the real interests will overcome Kuwaiti greed Brother President Mubarak told me [the Kuwaitis] were scared. They said troops were only 20 kilometers north of the Arab League line. I said to him that regardless of what is there, whether they are police, border guards, or army, and regardless of how many are there, and what they are doing, assure the Kuwaitis and give them our word that we are not going to do anything until we meet with them.

When we meet and when we see that there is hope, then nothing will happen. But if we are unable to find a solution, then it will be natural that Iraq will not accept death, even though wisdom is above everything else. There you have the good news. A few days after the meeting between Saddam Hussein and U. During these talks, Iraq threatened to proceed with an invasion of Kuwait unless the Kuwaiti government met a series of demands.

Iraq demanded that Kuwait forgive its war debts, limit future oil production, and give Iraq control over the disputed island of Bubiyan in the Persian Gulf. Kuwaiti leaders agreed to limit their country's production of oil, and they also expressed a willingness to continue discussing Iraq's other concerns. In the meantime, however, Hussein continued sending troops to the Kuwaiti border.

On August 2,to the sadam hussein biography of many people in the Middle East and around the world, Iraq announced the postponement of future peace talks and launched its invasion of Kuwait. A month later, British journalists obtained the Iraqi transcript of the meeting between Hussein and Glaspie. It created a major controversy, as people around the world accused Glaspie of encouraging Iraq's aggression.

In Aprilfollowing the U. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. She answered a series of questions about her meeting with Hussein. She told the committee members that the transcript did not reflect the true nature of her comments, and claimed that she was the victim of "deliberate deception" by the Iraqi government. In her claims received some support from Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz, who had been present at the meeting between Hussein and Glaspie.

According to the Christian Science Monitor, Aziz said that Glaspie "just listened and made general comments. We knew the United States would have a strong reaction [to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait]. Cipkowski, Peter. Understanding the Crisis in the Persian Gulf. New York : John Wiley, Cole, Carlton. Ambassador April Glaspie? Oh, God Almighty, be witness that we have warned them!

S addam Hussein served as the president of Iraq from to During his twenty-four years in power, he gained a reputation as a brutal dictator who used intimidation and violence to eliminate all opposition to his rule. Hussein aspired to make Iraq the dominant nation in the Middle East. He built an impressive army and used it against neighboring countries as well as rebellious groups within Iraq.

After months of diplomatic negotiations and military buildup, the U. Although Hussein suffered a humiliating defeat in the war, he remained in power. He continued to defy world opinion over the next dozen years, as he refused to honor the United Nations agreement that ended the Persian Gulf War. In the United States launched a military invasion of Iraq that finally succeeded in removing Hussein from power.

After nine months in hiding, the former Iraqi leader was captured by U. Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti was born on April 28, He always preferred to be called by his given name, Saddam, which means "he who confronts" in Arabic. Hussein grew up as a peasant near the Sunni Muslim village of Tikrit, which is located about miles kilometers north of Baghdad along the Tigris River.

He lived in a mud hut with no electricity or running water. During his rise to power, Hussein changed or exaggerated many details of his early life in order to build his image as a powerful and ruthless leader. As a result, some facts about his life are uncertain. It is known that Hussein's father, Hussein al-Majid, either died or left the family before he was born.

Hussein has said that he endured a difficult childhood in which he was abused and prevented from attending school. His stepfather forced him to steal sheep and chickens to sell in the local market. Some historians claim that his harsh upbringing taught him to view other people with mistrust and to rely only upon himself. Hussein also decided at a young age that intimidation and violence were effective tools to help him get what he wanted.

Hussein's early life improved inwhen he was sent to the Iraqi capital of Baghdad to live with his uncle, Khairallah Talfah. Khairallah was a retired army officer who supported the idea of Arab nationalism, a belief that the Arab world should be united to create one powerful Arab state. Hussein learned a great deal about politics while under his uncle's care.

He was also encouraged to attend school for the first time. Inas a twenty-year-old student, Saddam joined the Iraqi Baath Party. Baathism was a radical Arab nationalist movement founded in the s. Baath means "rebirth" or "renaissance" in Arabic. The Iraqi Baath Party was a small, disorganized splinter group of this larger movement. It was made up primarily of violent and ruthless men who were willing to do anything to take control of the government.

When the assassination attempt failed, Hussein left Iraq in order to avoid punishment. He fled to Syria and eventually settled in Cairo, Egypt, where he entered Cairo University and studied law. In the Baath Party succeeded in overthrowing the Iraqi government. Hussein immediately returned to Iraq and claimed his place in the new regime.

Thanks to the support of his older cousin, Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr, Hussein received a position in the Baath regional command, which was the party's highest decision-making body in Iraq. Also inHussein married his first cousin, Sajida Khairallah Talfah. The Baathists maintained control of the government for just nine months before the Iraqi military overthrew them.

The new military rulers put Hussein and several other Baath Party leaders in prison. Hussein used his time in prison to think about why his party did not hold on to power. He felt that party leaders had placed too much trust in the Iraqi military. He decided to build his own security force within the party to help the Baathists regain power.

Hussein escaped from prison after two years. He then became the security organizer for the Baath Party. He created a large force that used violence in order to intimidate citizens or eliminate rival political leaders. In the Baath Party overthrew the Iraqi government and returned to power. Bakr became president of Iraq, and his ambitious younger cousin Hussein became deputy chairman of the party's Revolutionary Command Council.

Hussein also served as the head of internal security for the Baathist government. By controlling the forces of violence and terror that helped the party maintain power, Hussein held the most influential position in the government. He forged close relationships with other party leaders during this time. But he later betrayed many of these men in order to further his own career.

Hussein spent the s gradually eliminating Bakr's supporters and his own rivals within the Baath Party. On July 17,he finally managed to push his cousin out of office and seize control of the government. Shortly after becoming president of Iraq, Hussein took violent steps to ensure that he would remain in power. He carried out a bloody rampage that resulted in the deaths of an estimated five hundred people, including military officers, Baath Party officials, and even some of his close friends and associates.

Hussein used these brutal actions as a way to inspire loyalty among the Iraqi people and ensure his absolute control of the government. He recognized that Iraq faced both external threats from its neighbors and internal tension between its different ethnic and religious groups. Hussein responded to this situation by using violence to make his hold on power seem more solid and legitimate.

Hussein also used propaganda the spreading of information to further a cause to make himself appear to be a strong leader. He placed pictures of himself all over Baghdad, for example, and ordered songs and poems to be written about him. He wanted Iraqi citizens to feel his presence in their lives and understand that there was no alternative to his rule.

Hussein promised the Iraqi people that the s would be a "glorious decade. The first step in Hussein's plan involved attacking Iran, Iraq's neighbor to the east. Iran was a non-Arab state that had recently been torn apart by revolution. A group of Islamic fundamentalists people who strictly adhere to the basic principles of Islam under a religious leader called the Ayatollah Khomeini had overthrown the government.

Although Iran was larger than Iraq and had three times as many people, Hussein felt that his highly trained armed forces could quickly defeat his enemy. Instead, the bitter conflict lasted for eight long years. Hussein's forces used chemical weapons against Iranian troops on several occasions during the war. The two sides finally declared a cease-fire in As soon as Hussein's troops returned home from the Iran- Iraq Warthe Iraqi leader turned them against his own rebellious citizens.

The non-Arab Kurds of northern Iraq had spent decades struggling to gain their independence and establish a homeland. Some Kurdish groups had supported Iran during the war. Hussein viewed the Kurds as a defiant people who posed a threat to his rule. The Iraqi army attacked Kurdish villages with chemical weapons, killing thousands of people.

An estimatedKurds fled from Iraq after the attacks and became refugees in Turkey and Iran. During the Iran- Iraq WarHussein developed a tough, battle-hardened military. But the costs of the conflict left the Iraqi economy in ruins. Hussein desperately needed money to help his country recover from the effects of the war. The Iraqi leader argued that he had fought the war against Iran in order to protect the Arab world from the Islamic fundamentalists who had taken over Iran.

Some countries did forgive Iraq's war debts, though Kuwait, a small but very wealthy country located to the south of Iraq, refused to do so. Iraq's financial problems grew worse in because of a steep decline in world oil prices. Hussein accused Kuwait of pumping more oil than was allowed under international agreements. He claimed that Kuwait deliberately attempted to lower world oil prices in order to harm Iraq's economy.

He considered these actions by his fellow Arab state to be an "economic war" against Iraq. Iraq and Kuwait also were involved in long-standing disputes over ownership of land along the border between the two countries and on offshore islands in the Persian Gulf. On July 17,Hussein made a fiery speech in which he threatened to use force against Kuwait.

Iraq launched a military invasion of Kuwait on August 2, The powerful Iraqi military successfully overran its smaller neighbor in a matter of hours. Nations around the world condemned the invasion and demanded that Iraq immediately withdraw its troops from Kuwait. The United Nations also placed economic sanctions on Iraq, meaning that Iraq was forbidden from selling its oil to other countries or buying goods from other countries.

Still, Hussein refused to remove his forces and instead began threatening nearby Saudi Arabia. The United States and many other countries began sending troops into the Middle East to defend Saudi Arabia and, if necessary, force Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait. Hussein was surprised by the strong negative response to his invasion of Kuwait. He had misread signals from U.

He never expected the countries of the world to come together against him. Hussein reacted angrily to the foreign military buildup in Saudi Arabia and to the economic sanctions imposed on Iraq by the United Nations. Over the next six months, a number of world leaders tried to negotiate a peaceful settlement to the crisis. In the meantime, Hussein continued to provoke outrage by annexing Kuwait formally making it a part of Iraq and refusing to release foreign citizens who had been in Iraq or Kuwait at the time of the invasion.

Hussein declared the day of the UN deadline to be a national "day of challenge. The following day the U. The air war lasted for nearly six weeks and caused a great deal of destruction in Iraq. But Hussein seemed unmoved by the bombing raids. He frequently appeared on Iraqi television and insisted that his troops would eventually defeat the American invaders.

A few days after the war began, Hussein ordered his forces to fire Scud missiles at Israel and Saudi Arabia. Israel is a Jewish state in the Middle East that has a long history of conflict with its Arab neighbors. Hussein wanted to provoke Israel into retaliating and joining the fight against Iraq. He believed that the Arab countries would leave the coalition, and perhaps even switch sides and support Iraq, rather than fight alongside their bitter enemy.

On February 22 U. Bush see entry established a deadline of noon the following day for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait or face a ground assault by coalition troops. Hussein responded by saying that Iraq welcomed a ground war. He knew that his troops had prepared strong defensive positions in Kuwait over the preceding months, and he believed that they would inflict massive casualties killed and wounded soldiers on the coalition forces.

The coalition ground assault began on February To the surprise of many military experts, the coalition forces met with very little resistance from the Iraqi troops. In fact, thousands of exhausted and hungry Iraqi soldiers surrendered to the approaching coalition forces. The ground war succeeded in liberating Kuwait from Iraqi occupation after only four days of fighting.

Iraq suffered terrible destruction during the war. Coalition bombing destroyed buildings, roads, and bridges in most major cities. The country's water, sewer, and electrical systems were destroyed as well. The Iraqi army lost 75 percent of its tanks, and thousands of Iraqi soldiers were killed, wounded, or captured. Still, Hussein insisted that Iraq had claimed a great victory by resisting an attack by forty nations for six weeks.

He viewed himself as a hero for standing alone in defiance of the United States and its allies. But Iraq's humiliating defeat left Hussein's government in a weakened position. Some of his opponents tried to take advantage of the opportunity to remove him from power. In the days after the war ended, Shiite Muslims who lived in the southern part of Iraq launched a major revolt against Hussein's government.

Kurdish rebels in the northern part of the country also launched a major uprising. The U. Archived from the original on 2 December Retrieved 20 February The largest number of deaths attributable to Mr. Hussein's regime resulted from the war between Iraq and Iran between andwhich was launched by Mr. Iraq says its own toll was , and Iran's reckoning ranges upward ofThen there are the casualties in the wake of Iraq's occupation of Kuwait.

Iraq's official toll from American bombing in that war is ,—surely a gross exaggeration—but nobody contests that thousands of Iraqi soldiers and civilians were killed in the American campaign to oust Mr. Hussein's forces from Kuwait. In addition, 1, Kuwaitis died during the fighting and occupation in their country. Casualties from Iraq's gulag are harder to estimate.

Archived from the original on 10 February Retrieved 28 August The Times. Archived from the original on 28 January Archived from the original on 24 July Archived from the original on 4 May Today, few observers question the assertion that it was Iraq that gassed Halabja. It can be read on line at [2]. The Boston Globe. Retrieved 16 July Gordon, "U.

Archived from the original PDF on 23 September The Weekly Standard. Archived from the original on 29 April Military Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 August Retrieved 9 January The American Presidency Project. University of California. Archived from the original on 29 January Retrieved 23 September Archived from the original on 6 August Retrieved 29 November Middle East Review of International Affairs.

Archived from the original on 28 October BMJ Global Health. PMC PMID That was 'a spectacular lie. Retrieved 29 September Archived from the original on 13 May ABC News. Retrieved 12 July Times 11 August The Observer.

Sadam hussein biography

Retrieved 13 July Voice of America. The Atlantic. President of Russia. Archived from the original on 3 October Archived from the original PDF on 11 May State of the Union Speech. Washington, D. Retrieved 31 December Retrieved 5 August United Nations. CBS News. Archived from the original on 24 September Retrieved 8 January AP News. Retrieved 2 November Archived from the original on 1 December Retrieved 13 March Socialist Worker.

Archived from the original on 26 March Retrieved 13 January National Security Archive. Retrieved 15 August Retrieved 2 September Retrieved 22 October Retrieved 8 February Retrieved 14 December It is believed more than 40 suspects died during interrogation or while in detention. Those arrested who were found not guilty were either exiled if relatives of the convicted or released and returned to Dujail.

Only 96 of the condemned were actually executed, two of the condemned were accidentally released while a third was mistakenly transferred to another prison and survived. The 96 executed included four men mistakenly executed after having been found not guilty and ordered released. The ten children were originally believed to have been among the 96 executed, but they had in fact been imprisoned near the city of Samawah.

Archived from the original on 30 August Fox News. Archived from the original on 2 February Retrieved 12 November Sky News. Retrieved 7 March Retrieved 13 December International Business Times. Archived from the original on 5 February Retrieved 1 November The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 December Retrieved 30 December Archived from the original on 16 July Retrieved 28 February Archived from the original on 5 December Archived from the original on 30 September CNN Arabic in Arabic.

Retrieved 3 August Herald Sun. Archived from the original PDF on 11 August Retrieved 6 January USA Today. Retrieved 22 August Times 30 April Retrieved 16 March Zee News. History and Things. The Jerusalem Post JPost. Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq Paperback. The Forward. Message Heard. Yale University Press, Atlas Obscura.

Retrieved 5 April Retrieved 29 January Archived from the original on 15 July Retrieved 29 January — via Find Articles. Archived from the original on 1 November Retrieved 9 March Retrieved 10 June Retrieved 16 January Arab News. Hoover Institution. Retrieved 24 March State of Repression: Iraq under Saddam Hussein. Bengio, Ofra Woods, Kevin M.

Intelligence and National Security. Retrieved 11 March Faust, Aaron M. University of Texas Press. Imperial War Museums. Foreign Affairs. Middle Eastern Studies. Economic History. Overreach: Delusions of Regime Change in Iraq. Harvard University Press. Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 1 April Jewish News Syndicate. The Pamphlet. The Indian Express.

France Retrieved 5 March Middle East Eye. The Hollywood Reporter. Saddam Hussein at Wikipedia's sister projects. Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. Sa'dun Hammadi. Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai. Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum. Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri. Iraq topics. Category Portal WikiProject Commons. Saddam Hussein. Killing babies Alleged shredder Jumana Hanna.

Category:Saddam Hussein. Presidents of Iraq list. Prime ministers of Iraq list. Suwaidi N. Pachachi T. Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. Iraqi-dominated faction Syrian-dominated faction. Michel Aflaq Salah al-Din al-Bitar. Michel Aflaq Munif Razzaz. Assem Qanso Abd al-Majid al-Rafei. Musa Shuaib. Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab. Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein.

Revolutionary Youth Union. Associated organizations. Arab nationalism. Arab identity Arab Union Arab world Arabization. Authority control databases. Toggle the table of contents. Saddam in In office 16 July — 9 April In office 29 May — 9 April In office 16 July — 23 March In office January — 30 December Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri. In office 16 July — 30 December In office February — October In office 17 July — 15 July In office February — 9 April Execution by hanging.

Cairo University University of Baghdad. Iraqi Armed Forces. Criminal conviction. Crimes against humanity during the Dujail massacre. Trial of Saddam Hussein. Death by hanging. Saddam Hussein's voice Saddam recites an oath of office following the Iraqi presidential referendum. This article is part of a series about Saddam Hussein. Part of a series on.

Organizations Arab Ba'ath — Variants Neo-Ba'athism — Regional organizations Algeria pro-Iraq pro-Syria. Saddam complained about the drilling to the United States State Department. Although this had gone on for sadam hussein biographies, Saddam now needed oil money to get rid of a looming economic crisis. Saddam still had an experienced and well-equipped army, which he used to influence regional affairs.

He later ordered troops to the Iraqi-Kuwaiti border. As Iraqi-Kuwaiti relations rapidly grew worse, Saddam was getting different information about how the United States would respond to an invasion. The United States had been working on starting a good relationship with Iraq for roughly a decade. The U. Saddam said he wanted to keep talks going.

They explained that neither President George H. Bush or Secretary of State James Baker wanted military force to be used. However, they also said that they would not take any position on the Iraqi-Kuwaiti dispute and did not want to become involved. Later, Iraq and Kuwait met for a final negotiation session, which failed. Saddam then sent his sadam hussein biographies into Kuwait.

On August 2,Saddam invaded Kuwait, causing an international crisis. The invasion of Kuwait gave Iraq, with its own substantial oil fields, control of 20 percent of the Persian Gulf oil. These resolutions gave Iraq a deadline to leave Kuwait. Saddam ignored the Security Council deadline. On January 16,coalition of U. Israelthough Saddam attacked it with Iraqi missiles, did not fight back.

It did not want to anger Arab states into leaving the coalition. But Saddam had focused attention on the Palestinian problem by promising to make his forces leave from Kuwait if Israel would leave the West Bankthe Golan Heightsand the Gaza Strip. Saddam's proposal further split the Arab world, pitting U. As part of the cease-fire agreement, Iraq agreed to get rid of all poison gas and germ weaponsand to allow UN observers to inspect the sites.

All of the different religions and the violence the war had created caused after-war rebellions. After the war, fighting between Shi'ite Muslims, Kurds, and dissident military units was bad. This was a problem to Saddam's rule. Saddam acted by stopping all rebellions in their tracks, especially in the North. Before the war ended, the United States had encouraged Iraqis to rise up against Saddam.

However, when the Shi'ites, Kurds, and dissidents did rise up against Saddam, the United States did not support them. Without United States support for these rebellions, Saddam survived them. He was then left completely in control of Iraq. The country's economy and army never recovered from the Gulf War. This made Saddam popular in many parts of the Arab world.

Saddam liked to show himself as a strict Muslim. This was to calm down the religious parts of the society. He brought back some parts of Sharia law. This included the law that said homosexuality could be punished by the sadam hussein biography penalty. The phrase " Allahu Akbar " " God is great "in Saddam's handwriting, was added to the Iraq national flag.

Inthe United States decided to attack Iraq, because it thought evidence showed Iraq had sponsored a plan to kill former President George H. On June 26,the United States launched a missile attack aimed at Iraq's intelligence headquarters in Baghdad. The United Nations placed a trade embargo on Iraq, blocking Iraqi oil exports. This caused hardship in Iraq and almost destroyed the Iraqi economy and state infrastructure.

Only smuggling across the Syrian border, and humanitarian aid kept Iraq from crisis. Later, limited amounts of income from the United Nations oil-for-food program started flowing into Iraq. On December 9,the United Nations allowed Baghdad to begin selling limited amounts of oil for food and medicine. After two years of intermittent activity, U.

Saddam's base of Tikriti tribesmen, family members, and other supporters was divided after the war and in the following years. This added to the regime's increasingly repressive and arbitrary nature. Domestic repression inside Iraq grew worse, and Saddam's sons, Uday Hussein and Qusay Husseinbecame increasingly powerful and carried out a private reign of terror.

They likely had a leading hand when, in Augusttwo of Saddam Hussein's sons-in-law, who held high positions in the Iraqi military, defected to Jordan. Both were killed after returning to Iraq the following February. Inthe United States led an invasion of Iraq. The main reason for the invasion was President George W. Bush's claim that Saddam had weapons of mass destruction.

Bush argued that this made Saddam a major threat to Western allies, such as oil-rich Saudi Arabia and Israel; to Western oil supplies from the Persian Gulf states; and to Middle East stability in general. The President before Bush, Bill Clintonmaintained sanctions and made occasional air strikes in the " Iraqi no-fly zones " or other restrictions, in the hope that Saddam would be overthrown by his many political enemies.

However, this never happened. Things changed in the United States after the September 11, attacks. The Iraqi government and military collapsed within three weeks after the beginning of the U. The United States tried at least twice to kill Saddam with targeted air strikes, but both failed to hit their target. By the beginning of April, Coalition forces controlled much of Iraq.