Mossad golda meir biography tagalog

Ang resolusyon ay inendorso ng mayorya ng mga miyembro ng UN at pinagtibay noong Nobyembre Tinanggap ng mga Palestinian Jews ang plano, ngunit tinuligsa ito ng Arab League.

Mossad golda meir biography tagalog

Sumiklab ang labanan sa pagitan ng dalawang grupo, na nagbabantang sumiklab sa ganap na digmaan. Napagtanto ni Meir at ng iba pang mga pinunong Hudyo na ang kanilang bagong bansa ay mangangailangan ng pera upang sandata ang sarili. Si Meir, na kilala sa kanyang madamdaming talumpati, ay naglakbay sa Estados Unidos sa isang fund-raising tour; sa loob lamang ng anim na linggo ay nakalikom siya ng 50 milyong dolyar para sa Israel.

Sa gitna ng lumalaking pag-aalala tungkol sa isang nalalapit na pag-atake mula sa mga bansang Arabo, si Meir ay nagsagawa ng isang matapang na pagpupulong kay Haring Abdullah ng Jordan noong Mayo Sa pagtatangkang kumbinsihin ang hari na huwag makipagsanib pwersa sa Arab League sa pag-atake sa Israel, si Meir ay lihim na naglakbay patungong Jordan upang makipagkita sa kanya, na nakabalatkayo bilang isang babaeng Arabo na nakasuot ng tradisyonal na damit at may takip ang ulo at mukha.

Ang mapanganib na paglalakbay, sa kasamaang-palad, ay hindi nagtagumpay. Noong Mayo 14,nag-expire ang kontrol ng Britanya sa Palestine. Ang bansang Israel ay nabuo sa paglagda sa Deklarasyon ng Pagtatatag ng Estado ng Israel, kung saan si Golda Meir ay isa sa 25 pumirma. Unang pormal na kinilala ang Israel ay ang Estados Unidos. Kinabukasan, sinalakay ng mga hukbo ng mga kalapit na bansang Arabo ang Israel sa una sa maraming digmaang Arab-Israeli.

Nanawagan ang UN ng tigil-tigilan pagkatapos ng dalawang linggong labanan. Nanatili siya sa posisyon na anim na buwan lamang dahil ang mga Sobyet, na halos ipinagbawal ang Hudaismo, ay nagalit sa mga pagtatangka ni Meir na ipaalam sa mga Hudyo ng Russia ang tungkol sa mga kasalukuyang kaganapan sa Israel. Bumalik si Meir sa Israel noong Marsonang pangalanan siya ni Ben-Gurion bilang unang ministro ng paggawa ng Israel.

Malaki ang nagawa ni Meir bilang ministro ng paggawa, na nagpabuti ng mga kondisyon para sa mga imigrante at armadong pwersa. Noong Hunyoginawang foreign mossad golda meir biography tagalog si Golda Meir. Noong panahong iyon, hiniling ni Ben-Gurion na ang lahat ng manggagawang dayuhan ay kumuha ng mga pangalang Hebreo; kaya Golda Meyerson ay naging Golda Meir.

Hinarap ni Meir ang maraming mahihirap na sitwasyon bilang foreign minister, simula noong Hulyonang sakupin ng Egypt ang Suez Canal. Ang Syria at Jordan ay nakipagsanib-puwersa sa Egypt sa kanilang misyon na pahinain ang Israel. Sa kabila ng tagumpay ng mga Israeli sa sumunod na labanan, pinilit ng UN ang Israel na ibalik ang mga teritoryong nakuha nila sa labanan.

Bilang karagdagan sa kanyang iba't ibang posisyon sa gobyerno ng Israel, si Meir ay miyembro din ng Knesset parliyamento ng Israel mula hanggang Noongnagretiro si Meir mula sa pampublikong buhay sa edad na 67 ngunit nawala lamang ng ilang buwan nang tawagin siya pabalik upang tumulong na ayusin ang mga gusot sa Mapai Party. Si Meir ay naging pangkalahatang kalihim ng partido, na kalaunan ay pinagsama sa isang magkasanib na Partido ng Paggawa.

Nang biglang namatay si Punong Ministro Levi Eshkol noong Pebrero 26,hinirang siya ng partido ni Meir na humalili sa kanya bilang punong ministro. Ang limang taong termino ni Meir ay dumating sa ilan sa mga pinakamaligalig na taon sa kasaysayan ng Middle Eastern. Hinarap niya ang mga epekto ng Anim na Araw na Digmaankung saan muling kinuha ng Israel ang mga lupaing nakuha noong digmaang Suez-Sinai.

Ang tagumpay ng Israel ay humantong sa higit pang salungatan sa mga bansang Arabo at nagresulta sa masikip na relasyon sa iba pang mga pinuno ng mundo. Si Meir din ang namamahala sa pagtugon ng Israel sa Munich Olympics Massacrekung saan ang grupong Palestinian na tinatawag na Black September ay nang-hostage at pagkatapos ay pinatay ang labing-isang miyembro ng Olympic team ng Israel.

Nagsumikap si Meir na magdala ng kapayapaan sa rehiyon sa kabuuan ng kanyang termino, ngunit hindi nagtagumpay. Ang kanyang huling pagbagsak ay dumating sa panahon ng Yom Kippur War, nang ang mga pwersang Syrian at Egyptian ay nagsagawa ng sorpresang pag-atake sa Israel noong Oktubre Ang mga nasawi sa Israel ay mataas, na humantong sa isang panawagan para sa pagbibitiw ni Meir ng mga miyembro ng partido ng oposisyon, na sinisi ang gobyerno ni Meir sa pagiging hindi handa para sa pag-atake.

Gayunpaman, muling nahalal si Meir ngunit piniling magbitiw noong Abril 10, Inilathala niya ang kanyang memoir, My Lifenoong Si Meir, na pribadong nakikipaglaban sa lymphatic cancer sa loob ng 15 taon, ay namatay noong Disyembre 8,sa edad na Ang kanyang pangarap na mapayapang Gitnang Silangan ay hindi pa natutupad. Na-update noong Enero 22, Sipiin ang Artikulo na ito Format.

Iyong Sipi. Daniels, Patricia E. Mahahalagang Pigura. At the mossad golda meir biography tagalog, Salameh was negotiating with the Soviet Unionasking for safe haven, and he hoped that by the time Israel recovered from this blow, he and his men would be in the Soviet Union and out of Israel's reach. Black September smuggled several shoulder-launched Strela-2 missiles to BariItaly, from DubrovnikYugoslaviaby boat.

The missiles were then smuggled to Rome and positioned around Fiumicino Airport shortly before Meir's arrival. To divert Mossad's vigilance away from Rome in the run-up to the attack, Salameh planned a terrorist attack on the Israeli embassy in BangkokThailand. On December 28,four Black September members took over the Israeli embassy in Bangkok, holding 12 hostages.

They raised the PLO flag over the building, and threatened to kill the hostages unless 36 PLO prisoners were released. The building was surrounded by Thai troops and police. The option of a rescue operation was considered in Israel but ruled out. A rescue operation was considered a logistical impossibility, and it was also thought that as the embassy was in busy central Bangkok, the Thai government would never allow the possibility of a shootout to occur.

Though their demands were not met, negotiations secured the release of all the hostages and the Black September militants were given safe passage to Cairo. Mossad found out about the plan to assassinate Golda Meir on January 14,when a local volunteer informed Mossad that he had handled two telephone calls from a payphone in an apartment block where PLO members sometimes stayed.

The calls were in Arabicwhich he spoke. Speaking in code, the caller stated that it was "time to deliver the birthday candles for the celebration". Mossad Director-General Zvi Zamir was convinced that this was a coded order connected to an upcoming attack. Zamir had been convinced that the Bangkok embassy raid was a diversion for a larger attack, due to the participants in the raid having so easily given up, something he did not expect from a group as well-trained, financed, strategically cunning, and motivated as Black September.

Zamir further interpreted that "birthday candles" could refer to weapons, and the most likely one with a candle connotation was a rocket. Zamir linked the possible upcoming missile attack with Meir's upcoming arrival, and guessed that Black September was planning to shoot down Meir's plane. Zamir then sent a Mossad katsaor field intelligence officer, to Rome, and travelled to the city with a team of Mossad officers.

DIGOS officers raided the apartment blocks from where the calls had been made, and found a Soviet instruction manual for launching missiles. In the morning, a few hours before Meir's plane arrived, Mossad agents and Italian police surrounded Fiumicino Airport. A Mossad katsa spotted a Fiat van parked in a field close to the flight path. The agent ordered the driver to step out.

The back door then flew open, and two militants opened fire. The agent returned fire, severely wounding both of them. The van was found to contain six missiles. The driver escaped on foot, and was pursued by the agent. He was captured as he tried to hijack a car driven by another patrolling Mossad operative. The driver was bundled into the car and taken to the truck that served as Mossad's mobile command post, where he revealed the whereabouts of the second missile team after being severely beaten.

The truck then sped off, heading north. A cafe-van with three missile launchers protruding from the roof was spotted. The truck then rammed the van, turning it over, trapping the launch team inside and half-crushing them beneath the weight of the missiles, and turning the van's fixed launchers away from the sky. The unconscious driver was pulled from the van and tossed to the side of the road, and DIGOS was alerted that there had been "an interesting accident they should look into".

Zamir briefly considered killing the Palestinian terrorists, but felt that their deaths mossad golda meir biography tagalog serve as an embarrassment to Golda Meir's audience with the pope. The terrorists, who had been involved in the Munich massacre, were taken to the hospital and eventually allowed to fly to Libya, but within months, all were killed by Mossad.

Suspected Israeli intelligence agents were shot and killed, as well as an Israeli official in Washington. Fred Burton, former deputy chief of the counterterrorism division of the US State Department's Diplomatic Security Service and Vice-President of the private intelligence and consulting firm Stratforconducted an investigation and concluded that Alon's killer was a Black September operative who was killed by Mossad in Black September conducted several other attacks only indirectly against Israel, including the seizure of Western diplomats in the Saudi embassy in Khartoum see: Khartoum diplomatic assassinationsbut the group was officially dissolved by al-Fatah in December While the first wave of assassinations from October to early caused greater consternation among Palestinian officials, it was the raid on Lebanon — Operation Spring of Youth in April — that truly shocked the Arab world.

At the funerals for the victims of the raid, half a million people came into the streets of Beirut. The operation also caused some of the less radical Arab governments to begin putting pressure on Palestinians to stop attacks against Israeli targets and threatened to pull support for the Palestinians if they used their passports during the course of attacks against Israel.

As a result, some Palestinian militants began to instead use forged Israeli documents. In his book Striking Backauthor Aaron J. Klein — who says he based his book in large part on rare interviews with key Mossad officers involved in the reprisal missions — contends that Mossad got only one man directly connected to the massacre. The man, Atef Bseisowas killed in Paris in Klein goes on to say that the intelligence on Wael Zwaiterthe first Palestinian to die, was "uncorroborated and improperly cross-referenced.

Looking back, his assassination was a mistake. Most of those killed were minor Palestinian figures who happened to be wandering unprotected around Western Europe. When there was information implicating someone, we didn't inspect it with a magnifying glass. Abu Daoud, one of the main planners of the Munich massacre, said in interviews before the release of the movie Munich that "I returned to Ramallah inand Israel knew that I was the planner of the Munich operation.

As the campaign continued, relatives of the athletes killed at Munich were kept informed. Simon Reeve writes that some felt vindicated, while others, including the wife of fencer Andre Spitzerfelt ambivalent. Did it help in any way to bring peace to the Middle East? Strategically it was a complete failure. Former katsa Victor Ostrovsky has said that the direction Meir set Mossad on, namely that of focusing heavily on the people and operations of the PLO, took energy away from intelligence gathering on Israel's neighbors.

The book Vengeanceby Canadian journalist George Jonastells the story of an Israeli assassination squad from the viewpoint of a self-described former Mossad agent and leader of the squad, Avner. Avner has since been claimed to be a pseudonym for Yuval Avivan Israeli who now runs a private investigation agency in New York. However, Jonas denies that Aviv was his source for Vengeancealthough the book has not been independently verified beyond the fact checking Jonas says he has done.

Since its release, two films have been based on Vengeance. While prime minister, she spent much of her time developing support for Israel by meeting with western leaders. Inthe labor coalition broke up and Meir left office. She died four years later. InGolda returned to North Division high school in Milwaukeegraduating in While there, she became an active member of Young Poale Zionwhich later became Habonimthe Labor Zionist youth movement.

She spoke at public meetings, embraced Socialist Zionism and hosted visitors from Palestine. After graduating from the Milwaukee State Normal School a predecessor of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukeeshe taught in public schools. She formally joined Poale Zion in Golda and Morris married in Instead she threw her energies into Poale Zion activities.

In Palestine, the couple joined a kibbutz. Their initial application to kibbutz Merhavia in the Jezreel Valley was rejected, but in the end they were accepted. Recognizing her leadership abilities, the kibbutz chose her as its representative to the Histadrutthe General Federation of Labour. InGolda and her husband left the kibbutz and resided briefly in Tel Aviv before settling in Jerusalem.

There they had two children, a son Menachem born and a daughter Sarah born Morris and Golda grew apart and eventually divorced. Inwhen Meir returned from the United States, she joined the Executive Committee of the Histadrut and moved up the ranks to become head of its Political Department. This appointment was important training for her future role in Israeli leadership.

Roosevelt to discuss the question of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution. Delegates from the 32 invited countries repeatedly expressed their sorrow for the plight of the European Jews but made excuses as to why their countries could not help by admitting the refugees. Meir was disappointed at the outcome and remarked to the press, "There is only one thing I hope to see before I die and that is that my people should not need expressions of sympathy anymore.

In Junethe British cracked down on the Zionist movement in Palestine, arresting many leaders of the Yishuv. They had been provoked by paramilitary Zionist activities. Thus she became the principal negotiator between the Jews in Palestine and the British Mandatory authorities. After his release, Sharett went to the United States to attend talks on the UN Partition Planleaving Meir to head the Political Department until the establishment of the state in On 10 Mayfour days before the official establishment of the state, Meir traveled to Amman disguised as an Arab woman for a secret meeting with King Abdullah of Transjordan at which she urged him not to join the other Arab countries in attacking the Jews.

Abdullah asked her not to hurry to proclaim a state. Golda, known for her acerbic wit, replied: "We've been waiting for 2, years. Is that hurrying? As head of the Jewish Agency Political Department, Meir called the mass exodus of Arabs before the War of Independence in as "dreadful" and likened it to what had befallen the Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe.

The same year, during the wave of Jewish migration from Poland to Israel, Meir sought to prevent disabled and sick Polish Jews from immigrating to Israel. In a letter sent to Israel's ambassador in Warsaw, Katriel Katzshe wrote:. A proposal was raised in the coordination committee to inform the Polish government that we want to institute selection in aliyah, because we cannot continue accepting sick and handicapped people.

Please give your opinion as to whether this can be explained to the Poles without hurting immigration. In lateyear-old Meir was diagnosed with lymphoma. During the s, Meir lived in a flat on the upper level of a house that was once known as Villa Harun al-Rashid. The house was built in by Hanna Bisharat and later rented to British officers.

The house was later given to Zionist militias, due to the prominent view from the roof. According to Hanna Bisharat's grandson George BisharatMeir had the tiles on the house's front sandblasted "to obliterate the 'Villa Harun ar-Rashid' and thereby conceal the fact that she was living in an Arab home. Prime Minister Levi Eshkol died suddenly on 26 Februaryleading to the appointment of Yigal Allon as interim prime minister and an election to replace him.

On 7 Marchthe party's central committee voted Meir as the new party leader. Now age 71, Meir had mixed feelings due to her health concerns, but eventually agreed, saying that she would honor the party's decision just as she had honored all of the party's past decisions. Meir served as prime minister from 17 March to 3 June Six months after taking office, Meir led the reconfigured Alignmentcomprising Labor and Mapaminto the general election.

The Alignment managed what is still the best showing for a single party or faction in Israeli history, winning 56 seats. This is the only time that a party or faction has approached winning an outright majority in an election. The national unity government was retained. In AugustMeir accepted a U. The Gahal party quit the national unity government in protest, but Meir continued to lead the remaining coalition.

On February 28,during a visit in Washington, D. In Juneon the second anniversary of the Six-Day WarMeir stated in an interview that " there was no such thing as Palestinians ", a comment later described by Al Jazeera as "one of her defining — and most damning — legacies. The interview entitled Who can blame Israel was published in The Sunday Times on June 15,and included the following exchange:.

In the wake of the Munich massacre at the Summer OlympicsMeir appealed to the world to "save our citizens and condemn the unspeakable criminal acts committed". During the s, aboutSoviet Jewish emigrants were allowed to leave the Soviet Union for Israel by way of Austria. A few days later in Vienna, Meir tried to convince Kreisky to reopen the facility by appealing to his own Jewish origin, and described his position as "succumbing to terrorist blackmail".

Kreisky did not change his position, so Meir returned to Israel, infuriated. A common criticism of Meir is that she could have avoided the Yom Kippur War in For months preceding the attack, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat made repeated overtures for peace in exchange for a full Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai, but these gestures were rebuffed by Meir, who had offered previously to discuss ceding "most of the Sinai", but was not willing to restore the pre borders, and Egypt had no interest in peace talks under Meir's conditions.

In the days leading up to the Yom Kippur War, Israeli intelligence could not conclusively determine that an attack was imminent. However, on 5 OctoberMeir received information that Syrian forces were massing on the Golan Heights. She was alarmed by the reports, and believed that the situation was similar to what preceded the Six-Day War.

However, her advisers counseled her not to worry, saying they would have adequate notice before any war broke out. This made sense at the time; after the Six Day Warmost in the Israeli intelligence community considered the Arabs unprepared to launch another attack. Soon, though, the threat of war became very clear. While Dayan continued to argue that war was unlikely and favored calling up the air force and only two divisions, Elazar advocated full-scale army mobilization and the launch of a full-scale preemptive strike on Syrian forces.

On October 6, Meir approved full-scale mobilizing but rejected a preemptive strike, citing concerns that Israel might be perceived as initiating hostilities, which would hurt Israel's access to crucial foreign aid and military support, in particular from the United States, in the resulting conflict. She made it a priority to inform Washington of her decision.

Secretary of State Henry Kissinger later confirmed Meir's assessment by stating that if Israel had launched a preemptive strike, Israel would not have received the backing of the United States. Following the Yom Kippur War, Meir's government was plagued by infighting and questions over Israel's lack of preparation for the war. The Agranat Commission appointed to investigate the war cleared Meir of "direct responsibility".

It said about her actions on Yom Kippur morning:. She decided wisely, with common sense and speedily, in favour of the full mobilization of the reserves, as recommended by the chief-of-staff, despite weighty political considerations, thereby performing a most important service for the defence of the state. Her party won the elections in Decemberbut the coalition lost seats and was unable to form a majority.

Meir resigned as prime minister on 11 Apriland gave up her Knesset seat on 7 June She never held office again. She believed that was the "will of the people" and that she had served enough time as premier. She believed the government needed to form a coalition. She said, "Five years are sufficient It is beyond my strength to continue carrying this burden.

She said his visit was important for the sake of the next generations' avoiding war, praised Sadat for his courage and vision, and expressed the hope that while many differences remained to be resolved, that vision would be achieved in a spirit of mutual understanding. On 8 DecemberMeir died of lymphatic cancer lymphoma in Jerusalem at the age of She was buried on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.

They married on December 24,and remained married until his death in Jerusalem on 25 May She never remarried. Despite never divorcing, the couple grew apart over the course of the marriage. Meir had two children. She had two sisters, Sheyna — and Tzipke —as well as five other siblings who died in childhood. Inafter becoming Foreign Minister, she changed her surname from "Meyerson" to "Meir", meaning "illuminate", as her predecessor Moshe Sharett had all members of the foreign service take a Hebrew surname.

She was a heavy smoker and coffee drinker, and did not exercise often, which may have contributed to her recurring heart problems. Of her Jewish identity, Meir said in the edition of her autobiography My Life that:. It is not only a matter, I believe, of religious observance and practice. To me, being Jewish means and has always meant being proud to be part of a people that has maintained its distinct identity for more than 2, years, with all the pain and torment that has been inflicted upon it.

She strongly identified with Judaism culturally, but was an atheist in religious belief. It would be ridiculous to ask it to account for its legitimacy. InMeir was awarded the Israel Prize for her special contribution to society and the State of Israel. Biographer Meron Medzini argues that a perspective of forty years makes possible an appreciation of her deep nationalism and Zionism.

Historians find her main legacy includes effective leadership of the Labor Movement, and building good relationships with Third World nations. A controversial figure in Israel, she has been lionized as a founder of the state and described as the "Iron Lady" of Israeli politics, but also widely blamed for the country being caught by surprise during the Yom Kippur War.

She was also criticized for her dismissive statements towards the Palestinians. Meir's story has been the subject of many fictionalized portrayals. Ingrid Bergman played the older Meir in the same film. The play was controversial for implying that Meir considered using nuclear weapons during the Yom Kippur War. The film centres on the Yom Kippur War.

In Israel, the term "Golda's shoes" na'alei Golda has become a reference to the sturdy orthopedic shoes that Golda favored. These shoes were also supplied to women soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces from its foundation to Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version.

In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikidata item. Prime Minister of Israel from to Morris Meyerson. Return to Milwaukee, Zionist activism, and teaching. Immigration to Mandatory Palestine. Role in the Palestine War and the establishment of Israel. Main article: Palestine war. Second phase of the war and appointment to Minister Plenipotentiary.

Government career before premiership. Minister Plenipotentiary to the Soviet Union — Labor Minister — Foreign minister — Premiership — Main article: There was no such thing as Palestinians. Munich Olympics Main article: Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre. Dispute with Austria Yom Kippur War Main article: Yom Kippur War.

Resignation After premiership and death — Portrayals in film and theater. Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on June 26, Retrieved June 26, Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on February 25, Archived from the original on October 18, Retrieved February 20, Reference on name pronunciation see "".